Quantum Supremacy

March 6, 2023
In this disappointing outing, theoretical physicist Kaku (The God Equation) argues that quantum computers (machines that compute on atoms rather than transistors) will transform the modern world. Quantum computers, he explains, are “100 trillion times faster than an ordinary supercomputer” because rather than relying on binary code, they process data based on the infinite ways that an atom’s spin can occur in relation to a magnetic field, making them capable of complex computations that remain out of reach for digital computers. Despite Kaku’s best efforts, readers will likely be left scratching their heads at the descriptions of how different models of quantum computing work, with one that involves “ion traps” in which atoms spin upward or downward and another that takes advantage of the polarization of light. Kaku’s speculation on how quantum computing will help combat climate change, currently incurable diseases, the energy crisis, and world hunger doesn’t say much about the technology; instead, he details the challenges each presents and concludes with the jejune conjecture that increased computing power might solve them. Difficult to grasp and carrying a whiff of ungrounded techno-utopianism, this is a rare misfire for Kaku.

April 15, 2023
Moore's law, named after the late Intel founder Gordon Moore, states that "computer power doubles every eighteen months." This rule has held, more or less, since the dawn of computers, yet advancement in the Age of Silicon will inevitably slow. Microchips are now "so compact that the thinnest layer of transistors is twenty atoms across." At this phase, digital technology is at a crossroads. So, what's next? Physicist and best-selling science writer Kaku answers that question in his latest illuminating book, revealing a breathtaking, expansive look into the promise, power, and possibility of quantum computing. Kaku begins by reviewing the limitations of our current digital realm, then moves quickly to explain and affirm the advantages of a quantum-computing future state, full of potential and myriad uses. Throughout, Kaku focuses on ways that quantum computers will advance human understanding of the earth, ourselves, and the universe. From tackling the daunting problems of climate change to developing novel approaches to medicine and solving longstanding cosmic mysteries, quantum computers, Kaku believes, will lead humanity into a new age, an age of quantum supremacy.

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Starred review from February 15, 2023
A renowned physicist explains the mind-blowing potential of quantum computing. Translating complicated scientific concepts into language that lay readers can understand is an art. Kaku, a professor of physics at the City University of New York, is one of the best practitioners. He has written numerous books on advanced science, technology, and mathematics, including Parallel Worlds, Physics of the Future, and The God Equation. In his latest, the author delves into the emerging field of quantum computing, which certainly could "change everything." As he writes, "quantum computers can tackle problems that digital computers can never solve, even with an infinite amount of time." The key is that quantum computers utilize atoms arranged in precise patterns to vibrate in unison instead of using chips or transistors. Kaku examines the underlying physics of quantum mechanics, encountering a variety of colorful figures and scientific disputes along the way. Integrating these principles into functional computer systems was enormously difficult, but the project eventually came together. In the past few years, tech companies have poured billions of dollars into research and development. The first generation of quantum computers is here, and one of the leading companies, IBM, even provides public access through the internet. At present, quantum computers require massive cooling systems and superstable environments, but further research might address these problems to make them more widely available. Kaku examines how quantum computing could profoundly affect biotechnology, medicine, energy, food production, and environmental modelling--virtually every aspect of human activity. One problem, however, is that quantum computing could render every computer security measure effectively obsolete. The author pauses occasionally to provide summaries, which is important given the inherent complexity of the subject. As always, Kaku's enthusiasm is contagious, and this latest book is an important guide to a crucial part of the tech future. An informative and highly entertaining read about the computing revolution already underway.

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